Predictors of Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Immunologic Causes of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Retrospective Study at the Philippine General Hospital (2018-2022)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70552/pjaai.26.1.15979Keywords:
miscarriage, predictors, recurrent pregnancy lossAbstract
Introduction. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects 1-5% of couples and has a significant consequence on the couple’s relationship and quality of life. Various studies have concluded that the predictors of good pregnancy outcomes include younger age during pregnancy, normal BMI, and no history of any thyroid and autoimmune-related diseases.
Objective. This study aims to identify the predictors of good fetal outcomes in pregnant women with RPL seen at the Philippine General Hospital.
Methodology. This is a retrospective study that reviews the different factors that may have a bearing on the outcome of pregnant patients with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss admitted and referred to the Division of Allergy & Immunology for co-management over a span of 5 years (2018-2022). A total of 173 patient charts were retrieved and analyzed.
Results. A total of 173 gathered charts of pregnant women were included in this study. The study population comprised mostly 31-40 years old (n=105), married (56.6%), and unemployed (57.2%) women. In terms of the clinical profile, the substantial majority had a normal BMI before pregnancy (91.2%), RPL diagnosis was obtained during a prior pregnancy (59.1%) and 47.1% of patients were gravida 4 or higher. The statistical analysis utilizing Fisher’s exact test showed a significant association between maternal age and the birth outcomes- ‘stillbirth’ and ‘term’ births. Marital status also showed a significant association with primary outcomes studied at p=0.041. Among the examined factors, pre-pregnancy BMI status (p= 0.004) emerged as the sole significant predictor of the primary fetal outcome. On the other hand, maternal age (p= 0.017), timing of RPL diagnosis (p= 0.03), and gravidity (p=0.003) emerged as significant predictors of the secondary fetal outcome.
Conclusion. The findings in this study underscore the multifactorial nature of the risk factors for the primary outcome occurring among pregnant women diagnosed with RPL. Factors such as maternal age, timing of RPL diagnosis, pre-pregnancy BMI status, and gravidity play crucial roles in predicting the likelihood of primary and secondary outcomes and guiding clinical management strategies. Understanding and addressing these factors can help healthcare providers optimize prenatal care and improve pregnancy outcomes for women affected by RPL.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mark Vincent M. Coo, MD, Lara Theresa A. Aleta, MD, Sheryl Lyn M. Pepito, MD, Joyceline Noemi I. Silao, MD
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